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Japan's Ministry of Environment issued national guidelines in 2010 recommending TNR (trap-neuter-return) for community cats to control free-roaming populations
Source: Ministry of the Environment, Japan (2010)
Source
Guidelines for Proper Keeping of Dogs and Cats in Densely Residential AreasMinistry of the Environment, Japan (2010)
Notes
Guidelines define 'community cats' (地域猫) as cats without specific owners that are managed with recognition and agreement by local residents.
Ministry of the Environment, Japan. (2010). Guidelines for Proper Keeping of Dogs and Cats in Densely Residential Areas. As cited in Cat Cognition. https://catcognition.com/statistics/wildlife-impact/#jp-ministry-community-cat-guidelines-2010
13.5%
13.5% of feral cat fecal samples on Tokunoshima Island contained threatened endemic species including Amami rabbits and Ryukyu long-haired rats
Scientific Reports / Nature (2019)
67.8%
Feral cats on Japanese islands derive 67.8% of energy from human-provided food sources, with only 14.3% from forest wildlife
Scientific Reports / Nature (2019)
2.4 billion
Cat predation is the single largest human-related cause of bird mortality in the US, killing an estimated 2.4 billion birds per year
Nature Communications (2024)
1.3-4.0 billion
Free-ranging domestic cats kill an estimated 1.3-4.0 billion birds annually in the United States
Nature Communications (2013)
